F.A.Q
Hand In Hand
Online Acmers
Problem Archive
Realtime Judge Status
Authors Ranklist
 
     C/C++/Java Exams     
ACM Steps
Go to Job
Contest LiveCast
ICPC@China
Best Coder beta
VIP | STD Contests
    DIY | Web-DIY beta
Author ID 
Password 
 Register new ID

Word Ladder

Time Limit: 1000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 462    Accepted Submission(s): 83


Problem Description
A word ladder is a sequence of words, in which two consecutive words differ by exactly one letter. An example of such a ladder (usually arranged vertically, hence the "ladder" would be: beer, brew, brow, word, down. Note that to get from one word to the next, the letters may be rearranged, and exactly one letter is changed.
For this problem, you will be given a dictionary of distinct words, all of the same length. Your task is to write a program that finds a word ladder of minimal length, such that the first and last word of the ladder have no letters in common.
 

Input
On the first line an integer t (1<=t <= 100): the number of test cases. Then for each test case:

A line with two space-separated integers n (2 <= n <= 100) and l (1 <= l <= 20): the number of words and their length.

n lines with a word, each consisting of l lowercase letters (a - z).
 

Output
For each testcase:

a single line with the words in a ladder of minimal length, separated by a single space.

It is guaranteed that at least one such ladder can be constructed. If there is more than one, output the one that comes first lexicographically.

Notes:
If s and t are strings of equal length and si denotes the ith character of s, then s precedes t lexicographically if for some i: si < ti and sj = tj for all j < i.
 

Sample Input
1 9 3 alt spy sea opt pea ape spa apt ale
 

Sample Output
ale alt apt opt
 

Source
 

Statistic | Submit | Discuss | Note
Hangzhou Dianzi University Online Judge 3.0
Copyright © 2005-2024 HDU ACM Team. All Rights Reserved.
Designer & Developer : Wang Rongtao LinLe GaoJie GanLu
Total 0.000000(s) query 1, Server time : 2024-11-22 01:33:10, Gzip enabled